PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.